Professor Adam Crawford's Publications
Books
(2011) International and Comparative Criminal Justice and Urban Governance Cambridge Univ Pr
(2009) Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective pp. 1 - 266 Willan Publishing
(2009) Crime, media and fear of crime
(2007) The Use and Impact of Dispersal Orders: Sticking Plasters and Wake-Up Calls pp. 77 + xiip Policy Press
(2005) Integrating Victims in Restorative Youth Justice pp. 102 + xvp Policy Press
(2005) Plural Policing: The Mixed Economy of Visible Patrols in England and Wales pp. 128p The Policy Press
(2004) Patrolling with a Purpose: An Evaluation of Police Community Support Officers in Leeds and Bradford City Centres pp. 89 + xip CCJS Press
(2004) The Extended Policing Family: Visible Patrols in Residential Areas pp. 64p York Publishing Services/Joseph Rowntree Foundation
(2003) Great Expectations: Contracted Community Policing in New Earswick pp. 50 + xp York Publishing Services/Joseph Rowntree Foundation
(2003) Youth Offending and Restorative Justice: Implementing Reform in Youth Justice pp. xiv,264p Willan Publishing
(2002) Crime and Insecurity: The Governance of Safety in Europe pp. 324 + xi Willan Publishing
(2000) Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice pp. 318 + xiiip Ashgate: Aldershot
(1999) The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships Paperback pp. 368 + xiip Oxford University Press
(1998) Crime Prevention and Community Safety: Politics, Policies and Practices pp. 307 + xip Longman
(1997) The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships pp. 368 + xiip Clarendon Press: Oxford
(1989) The Right to Silence: The Case for Retention pp. 38p The Civil Liberties Trust
Legitimacy and Compliance in Criminal Justice Routledge
Legitimacy and Compliance in Criminal Justice Routledge
Chapters
(2011) From the Shopping Mall to the Street Corner: Dynamics of Exclusion in the Governance of Public Space In: Crawford A (eds.) International and Comparative Criminal Justice and Urban Governance pp. 483 - 518 Cambridge Univ Pr
(2011) Regulating civility, governing security and policing (dis)order under conditions of uncertainty In: Blad J; Hildebrandt M; Rozemond K; Schuilenburg M; Calstar PV (eds.) Governing Security Under the Rule of Law? pp. 9 - 35 Eleven Intl Pub
(2009) Restorative Justice and Anti-Social Behavior Interventions as Contractual Governance: Constructing the Citizen-Consumer In: Knepper; P; Doak; J; Shapland; J (eds.) Urban Crime Prevention, Surveillance and Restorative Justice: Effects of Social Technologies pp. 167 - 194 CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group
(2009) Introduction: The Preventive Turn in Europe In: Crawford A (eds.) Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective pp. xv - xxviii Willan Publishing
(2009) On Crime, Media and Fear of Crime In: Meško; G; Cockcroft; T; Crawford; A; Lemaître; A (eds.) Crime, Media and Fear of Crime pp. 5 - 11 Tipografija Publishing
(2009) Anti-Social Behaviour In: Wakefield A; Fleming J (eds.) The SAGE Dictionary of Policing pp. 4 - 6 Sage
(2009) Situating Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective: Policy Travels, Transfer and Translation In: Crawford A (eds.) Crime Prevention Policies in Comparative Perspective pp. 1 - 37 Willan Publishing
(2008) Redéfinir le Rôle de la Communauté et des Professionnels dans la Police et la Justice Pénale : Problèmes de Légitimité In: Shapland J (eds.) Justice, Communauté et Société Civile: Études Comparatives sur un Terrain Disputé pp. 133 - 162 L’Harmattan
(2008) Plural Policing In: Newburn T; Neyroud P (eds.) Dictionary of Policing pp. 192 - 194 Willan Publishing
(2008) Dispersal Orders In: Newburn T; Neyroud P (eds.) (eds) Dictionary of Policing pp. 83 - 84 Willan
(2008) Plural Policing in the UK: Policing beyond the Police In: Newburn T (eds.) Handbook of Policing (2nd Edition) pp. 147 - 181 Willan Publishing
(2008) Crime and Communities In: Cane P; Conaghan J (eds.) The New Oxford Companion to Law pp. 255 - 256 Oxford University Press
(2008) Perceptions of Crime and Insecurity: Urban Policies in an Era of Hyperactivity and Ambiguity In: Groenemeyer A; Rousseaux X (eds.) Assessing Deviance Crime and Prevention in Europe, Report of the First General Conference of CRIMPREV pp. 66 - 80 GERN
(2008) Refiguring the Community and Professional in Policing and Criminal Justice: Some Questions of Legitimacy In: Shapland J (eds.) Justice, Community and Civil Society: A Contested Terrain pp. 125 - 156 Willan Publishing
(2008) Dispersal orders In: Goldson B (eds.) Dictionary of Youth Justice pp. 145 - 147 Willan Publishing
(2007) Evolutions mondiales, orientations nationales et justice locale : Les effets du néo – libéralisme sur la justice des mineurs en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles In: Bailleau F; Cartyvels Y (eds.) La Justice Pénale des Mineurs en Europe: Entre Modele Welfare et Inflexions Néo-libérales pp. 23 - 43 L’Harmattan
It has been suggested that contemporary processes of globalisation, underpinned by a rising tide of neo-liberalism and concomitant shifts away from social democratic and welfarist politics, herald an homogenous pan-European system of youth justice dominated by a risk management and punitive model. To explore this hypothesis, we examine the influence of neo-liberalism on youth justice in England and Wales, often assumed to be the harbinger of American-inspired criminal justice reforms on the European stage. Whilst many trends, policies and practices appear to bear witness to the influence of neo-liberalism and an ‘Americanisation of criminal justice policies’, there is also evidence of countervailing tendencies. This chapter explicitly focuses upon, first, understanding some of the different dynamics at play that are often conflated within debates about the influence of global neo-liberal trends and, secondly, analysing the ambivalent and uneven reception of neo-liberal influences within contemporary youth justice in England and Wales. It also suggests that many assertions about youth justice which claim to be global often take their sense and limitations from connections between crime control, culture and politics. It concludes that the convergence of youth justice across Europe is likely to be circumscribed by political ambiguity, as well as institutional and cultural dynamics.
(2007) Reassurance Policing: Feeling is Believing In: Henry A; Smith DJ (eds.) Transformations of Policing pp. 143 - 168 Ashgate
(2007) Crime Prevention and Community Safety In: Maguire M; Morgan R; Reiner R (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology 4th edition pp. 866 - 909 Oxford University Press
(2007) Plural Policing and the Extended Policing Family In: Newburn T; Neyroud P (eds.) Dictionary of Policing Willan Publishing
(2007) Dispersal Orders In: Newburn T; Neyroud P (eds.) Dictionary of Policing Willan Publishing
(2007) Restorative justice In: Spuy Evd (eds.) Restorative justice pp. 1 - 21 Juta & Co
(2006) Policing and Community Safety in Residential Areas: The Mixed Economy of Visible Patrols In: Flint J (eds.) Housing and Anti-Social Behaviour Policy Press
(2006) Institutionalising Restorative Youth Justice in a Cold Punitive Climate In: Aertsen; I; Daems; T; Robert; L (eds.) Institutionalising Restorative Justice pp. 120 - 150 Willan Publishing
An analysis of the institutionalisation of restorative justice through the referral order in England and Wales.
(2006) Policing and Security as “Club Goods”: The New Enclosures? In: Wood J; Dupont B (eds.) Democracy, Society and the Governance of Security pp. 111 - 138 Cambridge University Press
(2004) L’Organisation de la Sécurité en Grande-Bretagne : la police sur le marché In: Roché S (eds.) Réformer la police et la sécurité : les nouvelles tendances en Europe et aux Etats-Unis pp. 211 - 239 Paris: Odile Jacob
(2004) The Governance of Urban Safety and the Politics of Insecurity In: van der Vijver K; Terpstra JB (eds.) Urban Safety: Problems, Governance and Strategies pp. 65 - 85 IPIT Press
(2003) The Pattern of Policing in the UK: Policing Beyond the Police In: Newburn T (eds.) Handbook of Policing pp. 136 - 168 Cullompton: Willan Publishing
(2003) The Prospects for Restorative Youth Justice in England and Wales: A Tale of Two Acts In: McEvoy K; Newburn T (eds.) Criminology, Conflict Resolution and Restorative Justice pp. 171 - 207 Palgrave
(2003) In the Hands of the Public? In: Johnstone G (eds.) Reader on Restorative Justice pp. 312 - 319 Willan Publishing
(2002) The Politics of Community Safety and Crime Prevention in England and Wales: New Strategies and Developments In: Hebberecht P; Duprez D (eds.) The Prevention and Security Policies in Europe pp. 51 - 94 Brussels: VUB Press
(2002) The State, Community and Restorative Justice: Heresy, Nostalgia and Butterfly Collecting In: Walgrave L (eds.) Restorative Justice and the Law pp. 101 - 129 Willan Publishing
(2002) The Governance of Crime and Security in an Anxious Age In: Crawford A (eds.) Crime and Insecurity: The Governance of Safety in Europe pp. 27 - 51 Cullompton: Willan Publishing
(2002) The Growth of Crime Prevention in France as Contrasted with the English Experience: Some Thoughts on the Politics of Insecurity In: Hughes; G; McLaughlin; E; Muncie; J (eds.) Crime Prevention and Community Safety: New Directions pp. 214 - 239 Sage
(2002) Governance and Security In: Crawford A (eds.) Crime and Insecurity: The Governance of Safety in Europe pp. 1 - 23 Cullompton: Willan Publishing
(2001) Joined-Up but Fragmented: Contradiction, Ambiguity and Ambivalence at the Heart of Labour's In: Matthews R; Pitts J (eds.) Crime, Disorder and Community Safety: A New Agenda? pp. 54 - 80 Routledge
(2001) Community Justice: Transforming Communities Through Restorative Justice? In: Bazemore G; Shiff M (eds.) Restorative Community Justice: Repairing Harm and Transforming Communities pp. 127 - 149 Anderson Pub Co.
(2001) La justice de proximité - appels à la "communauté " et stratégies de responsabilisation dans une idéologie managériale: Réflexions à partir d'une perspective anglo-saxonne In: Wyvekens A; Faget J (eds.) La Justice de Proximité en Europe: Pratiques et Enjeux pp. 37 - 63 Saint Agne: Éditions Érès
(2000) Situational Crime Prevention, Urban Governance and Trust Relations In: Hirsch v; A; Garland; D; Wakefield; A (eds.) Ethical and Social Perspectives on Situational Crime Prevention pp. 193 - 214 Hart Publishing
(2000) Contrasts in Victim/Offender Mediation and Appeals to Community in France and England In: Nelken D (eds.) Contrasting Criminal Justice: Getting from here to there pp. 205 - 229 Aldershot: Ashgate
(2000) Salient Themes and the Limitations of Restorative Justice In: Crawford A; Goodey J (eds.) Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice pp. 285 - 310 Aldershot: Ashgate
(2000) Community Safety and the Quest for Security In: Hope T (eds.) Perspectives on Crime Reduction Aldershot: Ashgate
(2000) Introduction In: Crawford A; Goodey J (eds.) Integrating a Victim Perspective within Criminal Justice pp. 1 - 11 Aldershot: Ashgate
(1998) Culture Managériale de l'Évaluation et Responsabilité: Quelques Leçons de l'Expérience Britannique des Programmes Locaux de Sécurité In: Ferret J; Ocqueteau F (eds.) Évaluer La Police de Proximité? Problèmes, Concepts, Méthodes pp. 51 - 82 Paris: La Documentation Française
(1998) Delivering Multi-Agency Partnerships in Community Safety In: Marlow A; Pitts J (eds.) Planning Safer Communities pp. 213 - 222 Lyme Regis: Russell House Publishing
(1996) Alternatives to Prosecution: Access to, or Exits from, Criminal Justice? In: Young R; Wall; D (eds.) Access to Criminal Justice: Lawyers, Legal Aid and the Defence of Liberty pp. 313 - 344 London: Blackstone Press
Sticks and Carrots… and Sermons’: Some Thoughts on Compliance and Legitimacy in the Regulation of Youth Anti-Social Behaviour In: Crawford A; Hucklesby A (eds.) Legitimacy and Compliance in Criminal Justice Routledge
This chapter explores issues of legitimacy and compliance at the boundaries of criminal justice in the context of anti-social behaviour interventions with young people, where crime control interfaces with wider dynamics of public policy – including housing, education and welfare services – and interacts with civil legal interventions and multiple systems of behavioural regulation. He suggests that the novel technologies and tools of control spawned in the name of regulating anti-social behaviour present critical challenges for legitimacy and embody mixed assumptions about motivation and agency that inform possibilities of compliance. These assumptions he argues are particularly salient, yet often in reality decidedly confused, in relation to children and young people who are subject to diverse and inconsistent messages as to their competencies in their transition to adulthood. The chapter seeks to shed some light on the conceptual parameters and empirical issues that pertain to a more rigorous discussion and analysis of how we might understand and think about legitimacy and compliance in, and around, criminal justice.
La Prévention de la Délinquance chez les Anglais: From community-based strategies to early interventions with young people In: Baillergeau E; Hebberecht P (eds.) Social Crime Prevention in Late Modern Europe VUB Press
Crime Prevention and Community Safety In: Maguire M; Morgan R; Reiner R (eds.) Oxford Handbook of Criminology Oxford University Press
Journal Articles
(2011) Fear of crime and insecurity. Some Reflections on Developments within Anglo-American Research In: DEVIANCE ET SOCIETE 35 pp. 59 - 91
(2011) Fear of crime and insecurity some reflections on developments within anglo-american research | Peur du crime et insécurité Quelques réflexions sur les tendances de la recherche anglo-américaine In: Deviance et Societe 35 (1) pp. 59 - 91
(2009) Urban Safety, Anti-Social Behaviour and the Night-Time Economy In: Criminology and Criminal Justice 9 (4) pp. 403 - 414 Sage Publications
The contemporary city is a contested space and its governance is the subject of complex global economic forces, local interests and political struggles as well as a response to the changing face of governing alliances in residential and commercial areas, forms of consumption, commercially-generated crime and disorder and cultural expressions of leisure. This article seeks to provide a thematic introduction to the manner in which the regulation of contemporary British cities has been influenced by concerns with tackling anti-social behaviour and promoting civility. It argues that in governing urban safety, the normative governmental agendas that seek to remoralise and cleanse city spaces and promote certain values of appropriate consumer-citizen, often clash with commercially-driven imperatives to (excessive) consumption and the allure of cities, for some, as places of difference that exhibit relaxed normative constraints; most notably in the night-time economy. It argues that the manner in which these forces are played out is conditioned by the interplay between different actors and organisations, as both regulators and regulated, some of whom have assumed new responsibilities in the governance of urban safety. The resultant pressures have produced mixed experiences of the city as a meeting place for loosely connected strangers, as a place of indulgence and as a place of cultural expression.
(2009) Governing through Anti-Social Behaviour: Regulatory Challenges to Criminal Justice In: British Journal of Criminology 49 (6) pp. 810 - 831 Oxford University Press
Repository URL: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/43001/
The ‘anti-social behaviour’ agenda in Britain and the introduction of diverse new powers and regulatory tools represent a major challenge to traditional conceptions of criminal justice. This article argues that the language of regulation has been appropriated and deployed to cloak and legitimise ambitious (yet ambiguous) bouts of hyper-active state interventionism. These may have more to do with quests to demonstrate government’s capacity to be seen to be doing something tangible about public anxieties than with meaningful behavioural change. Rather, regulatory ideas are being used to circumvent and erode established criminal justice principles, notably those of due process, proportionality and special protections traditionally afforded to young people. Consequently, novel technologies of control have resulted in more intensive and earlier interventions.
(2009) Criminalizing sociability through anti-social behaviour legislation: Dispersal powers, young people and the police In: Youth Justice 9 (1) pp. 5 - 26
(2008) Dispersal Powers and the Symbolic Role of Anti-Social Behaviour Legislation In: MODERN LAW REVIEW 71 pp. 753 - 784
(2008) Young People, Police and Dispersal Powers In: Community Safety Journal 7 (2) Pavilion
(2008) Modèles comparé de prévention de la criminalité et de sa mise en oeuvre : leur genèse, leur influence et leur développement In: Revue de Droit Pénal et de Criminologie 88 pp. 1047 - 1062
(2007) Situating Restorative Youth Justice in Crime Control and Prevention In: Acta Juridica 2007 pp. 1 - 21 Cape Town: Published under the auspices of the Faculty of Law, University of Cape Town, by A.A. Balkema
(2007) Evaluating the Impact of Dispersal Orders In: Police Review 88 pp. 15 - 17 Police Review Publishing Co.
(2007) Missed Opportunities for Preventing Crime In: Criminal Justice Matters 69 pp. 16 - 17
(2007) Review of Burney, E. “Making People Behave: Anti-Social Behaviour, Politics and Policy” In: Journal of Social Policy 36 (2) pp. 354 - 356 Cambridge University Press
(2007) Making people behave: Anti-social behaviour, politics and policy. In: JOURNAL OF SOCIAL POLICY 36 pp. 354 - 356
(2006) Networked governance and the post-regulatory state? Steering, rowing and anchoring the provision of policing and security In: THEORETICAL CRIMINOLOGY 10 pp. 449 - 479
(2006) Additional Security Patrols in Residential Areas: Notes from the Marketplace In: Policing and Society 16 (2) pp. 164 - 188 Routledge
This paper presents an overview of an emerging market in residential security patrols in England and Wales. Drawing on recent empirical research, it outlines the fragmented and uneven nature of current developments and highlights coordination deficits and the absence of regulatory oversight. The research illustrates how the growth in competitive relations between different providers of patrol can stymie the development of effective networked security alliances. It demonstrates the capacity of additional policing schemes to fuel unrealistic expectations among local publics and raise security thresholds. Furthermore, it highlights how policing as commodity through residential patrols can foster exclusionary tendencies by serving parochial rather than public interests. This raises important challenges that demand robust forms of governance and accountability to guarantee an equitable and fair distribution of policing and security.
(2006) 'Fixing broken promises?': Neighbourhood wardens and social capital In: URBAN STUDIES 43 pp. 957 - 976
(2004) Involving Lay People in Criminal Justice In: Criminology & Public Policy 3 (4) pp. 693 - 702 American Society of Criminology
Reaction essay on Youth Offender Panels, lay panel members, and restorative justice
(2004) The patchwork shape of reassurance policing in England and Wales - Integrated local security quilts or frayed, fragmented and fragile tangled webs? In: POLICING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICE STRATEGIES & MANAGEMENT 27 pp. 413 - 430
(2003) 'Contractual governance' of deviant behaviour In: JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY 30 pp. 479 - 505
(2003) Referral Orders: Some Reflections on Policy Transfer and 'What Works' In: Youth Justice 2 (3) pp. 141 - 150 Lyme Regis : Russell House Publishing
(2002) Las politicas de seguridad local y de prevencion de la delincuencia en Inglaterra y en el Pais de Gales: Nuevas estrategias y nuevose proyectos In: Revista Catalana de Seguretat Publica 11 pp. 83 - 124 Escola de Policia de Catalunya
Crime prevention in the 1990s
(2002) Nuovi attori nel governo della sicurezza urbana e nelle politiche sull'insicurezza In: Dei Delitti e Delle Pene (1-2-3) pp. 253 - 275 edizioni scientifiche
(2002) Recent developments in restorative justice for young people in England and Wales - Community participation and representation In: BRITISH JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY 42 pp. 476 - 495
(2002) La Réforme de la Justice des Mineurs en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles In: Deviance et Societe 26 (4) pp. 387 - 402 Editions Medecine et Hygiene
This article considers the origins and development of New Labour’s policies against the background of youth justice in England and Wales. It outlines the central elements of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. Together, the reforms constitute a major reworking of youth justice. Yet, they also embody a number of dynamics with divergent penological aims and competing logics. These are explored and assessed. The manner in which notions of restorative justice inform the reforms is considered as are the punitive nature of some of the changes and their implications for a mangerialist agenda within youth justice.
(2001) Les politiques locales de prévention de la délinquance en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles: Nouvelles stratégies et nouveaux développements In: Deviance et Societe 25 (4) pp. 427 - 458 Editions Medecine et Hygiene
(2001) Vers une Reconfiguration des Pouvoirs? Le Niveau Local et les Perspectives de la Gouvernance In: Deviance et Societe 25 (1) pp. 3 - 32 Editions Medecine et Hygiene
In the context of globalising and localising tendencies of the late modern era, we are witnessing a reconfiguration of powers between the state, civil society and market with implications for crime and its control. The influence of three key ‘political rationalities’ - namely welfarism, neo-liberalism and communitarianism - which inform current developments and debates, are considered. Feelings of insecurity and social control at the local level are becoming a more important aspect of public policy. As the state redefines its role, the rise of community safety constitutes a realm of governance, which connects with people’s everyday experiences and over which ‘something can be done’. It is also a focus around which new forms of governance through partnerships appear to be emerging.
(2001) Victim contact work in the probation service. Paradigm shift or Pandora's box? In: BRITISH JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY 41 pp. 707 - 725
(2000) The Probation Service, Victims of Crime and the Release of Prisoners In: Criminal Justice Matters 39 pp. 30 - 31
(2000) Justice de Proximite - The Growth of Houses of Justice and Victim/Offender Mediation in France: A Very UnFrench Legal Response? In: Social & Legal Studies 9 (1) pp. 29 - 53 Sage Publications Ltd.
Initiatives in mediation and reparation have developed significantly across diverse European countries, none more so than in France over the last decade. This article seeks to situate and explain the recent growth in France of the ‘Maisons de Justice’ (Houses of Justice) and victim/offender mediation they offer. This explanation is connected to an understanding of the increasingly dominant discourse of ‘justice de proximité’, its dynamics and its place within French juridical politics. The article draws upon ESRC funded empirical – observational and interview-based – research conducted in the Lyon and Paris areas during 1997. The article goes on to interrogate the implications of these institutions and practices for the present state of French criminal justice. It is argued that through the analysis of these ‘very unFrench’ legal responses we can prise open fundamental ambiguities and debates at the heart of French legal and cultural life in a period of momentous socio-legal challenge and flux. It is suggested that these institutions and practices embody, at the same time as trying to resolve, significant contradictions within French legal culture.
(2000) The Probation Service's Work with Victims of Crime In: Probation Journal 47 (2) pp. 101 - 107
(2000) Why British Criminologists Lose Their Critical Faculties upon Crossing the Channel: Some Thoughts on Comparative Criminology from an Empirical Investigation in France and England In: Social Work in Europe 7 (1) pp. 22 - 30 Russell House Publishing Ltd.
(1999) Questioning Appeals to Community in Crime Prevention and Control In: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 7 (4) pp. 509 - 530 Kluwer Academic Publishers
This article casts a critical eye over some of the (often ignored) assumptions which underlie recent appeals to community in crime prevention and control. The article considers the philosophical origins, ambiguities and tensions within such appeals. In so doing, it draws explicitly upon the growth of ‘community safety’ and to a lesser extent ‘restorative justice’ in Britain and considers some of the implications to which this shift may give rise. In particular, it focuses upon the manner in which appeals to community converge and collide with changing social relations which may undermine their progressive potential. Specific attention is given to the implications of: increasing social and spatial dislocation; the commodification of security; and policy debates about a growing ‘underclass’. It is argued that there is much confusion as to how, and to what extent, communities can contribute to the construction of social order. Within the dynamics of community safety and crime control practices there are dangers that ‘security differentials’ may become increasingly significant characteristics of wealth and status with implications for social exclusion. This questions the extent to which crime is an appropriate vehicle around which to (re)construct open and tolerant communities.
(1998) Community Safety Partnerships In: Criminal Justice Matters 33 pp. 4 - 5
(1998) Partenariat et Responsabilité à l'Ère Manageriale: Retour sur l'Expérience Britannique In: Les Cahiers de la Sécurité Intérieure 33 pp. 51 - 87 Documentation Franâise, Paris
(1998) Community Safety and the Quest for Security: Holding Back the Dynamics of Social Exclusion In: Policy Studies 19 (3/4) pp. 237 - 253 Carfax Publishing Limited
This paper casts a deliberately critical eye over the government’s ‘community safety’ proposals as outlined in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, their philosophical origins, their ambiguities and their potential for social exclusion. After an evaluation of some specific proposals in the Act, the paper goes on to suggest that community safety elements within the Act and associated policy initiatives embody three principal dynamics, namely appeals to community, managerialism and inter-organisational partnerships. Within and between these dynamics lie deep ambiguities and conflicts which may encourage, rather than hold back, the dynamics of social exclusion. It is argued that the government’s proposals - under the influence of a certain brand of communitarian thought - display much confusion as to how ‘communities’ can contribute to the construction of social order. Moreover, the notion of community collides with existing social fragmentation and the commodification of security, which may fuel exclusionary elements of community safety practice. The paper goes on to consider the existence of important tensions between the managerialist preoccupations of policy and the rhetoric of ‘partnerships’ which pervade community safety. These can serve to undermine the intentions of legislators. Within the dynamics of crime prevention practice and appeals to ‘community’ there are dangers that ‘security differentials’ become increasingly significant characteristics of wealth and status. For community safety to hold back the dynamics of social exclusion, both government and local community safety practitioners will need to foster the conditions in which partnerships can flourish and to nurture forms of co-operation, rooted in mutual acceptance of difference and inter-organisational trust.
(1996) The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities and the Communitarian Agenda In: Journal of Law and Society 23 (2) pp. 247 - 262 Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
(1996) Kirkholt Revisited: Some Reflections on the Transferability of Crime Prevention Initiatives In: The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 35 (1) pp. 21 - 39 Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
(1995) Appeals to Community and Crime Prevention In: Crime, Law and Social Change: An International Journal pp. vol 22 97 - 126
(1995) Inter-Agency Co-operation and Community-Based Crime Prevention In: The British Journal of Criminology 35 (1) pp. 17 - 33 Oxford University Press, Academic Division
(1994) Social Values and Managerial Goals: Police and Probation Officers'' Experiences and Views of Inter-Agency Co-operation In: Policing and Society pp. vol 4 323 - 39
(1994) The Partnership Approach: Corporatism at the Local Level? In: Social and Legal Studies, Sage, London pp. vol 3 497 - 519
(1994) Police and Probation Attitudes In: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management 10 (1) pp. 58 - 68 M C B University Press Ltd.
Herstelrecht en criminaliteitspreventie: van conceptueel kader naar praktische uitdaging In: Tijdschrift voor Herstelrecht 2011 (2) pp. 10 - 22 BJU
On the basis of current definitions and approaches of restorative justice and crime prevention, and making use of a two-dimensional typology of crime prevention, this article develops a conceptual framework and seeks to offer points of connections and departure at the theoretical level between restorative justice practices and different models of offender-oriented, victim-oriented and community-oriented prevention. In order to face some of the present limitations of restorative justice, in particular the missing link to causes of crime at the societal-structural level, the author widens the perspective of restorative justice to the broader notion of ‘community justice’. The challenge for restorative justice is, then, to integrate polycentric problem-solving approaches into its operational models.
Reports
(2009) Situating Anti-Social Behaviour and Respect pp. 1 - 8 Centre for Criminal Justice Studies Press
(2008) Comparative Models of Crime Prevention and Delivery: Their genesis, influence and development GERN
(2005) Involving Victims in Restorative Youth Justice: An Evaluation of Victim Liaison Work with Referral Orders by Leeds Youth Offending Service CCJS Press
Evaluation of victim liaison work in referral orders and youth offender panels in Leeds Youth Offending Service - for Leeds Community Safety
(2005) Filling the Void, Connecting the Pieces: An Evaluation of Neighbourhood and Street Wardens in Leeds CCJS Press
An evaluation of street and neighbourhood wardens in Leeds - Report for Leeds City Council and Leeds Community Safety Partnership
(2004) A Study of Visible Security Patrols in Residential Areas Joseph Rowntree Foundation
(2003) An Evaluation of a Contracted Community Policing Experiment Joseph Rowntree Foundation
(2002) The Introduction of Referral Orders into the Youth Justice System Home Office
(2001) The Introduction of Referral Orders into the Youth Justice System: Second Interim Report Home Office
(2001) Public Matters: Reviving Public Participation in Criminal Justice Institute for Public Policy Research
(2001) The Introduction of Referral Orders into the Youth Justice System: First Interim Report Home Office
(2000) Community Safety Structures: An International Literature Review Belfast: The Stationery Office
(2000) Community Safety Centre Review and a Strategy for Northern Ireland Belfast: The Stationery Office
(1999) Victim Contact Work and the Probation Service: A Study of Service Delivery and Impact CCJS Press
Contact Details
- Tel: 0113 343 5045
- Email: a.crawford@leeds.ac.uk